Ore crusher and grinder



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. N. F. ACERS. ORE GRUSHER AND GRINDER.

Patented Sept. 13, 1892.

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2 sheets-sheen 2. N. F. AGERS.

03B GRUSHER AND GRINDER. Y

Patented Sept. 13, 1892.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

NELSON F. ACERS, OF KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI.

ORE CRUSHER AND GRINDER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 482,330, dated September 13, 1892.

Application filed February 8, 1892. Serial No. 420,762. (N o model.)

T0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, NELSON F. AGEES, of Kansas City, Jackson county, Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Combined Ore Crushers and Grinders, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being vhad to the accompanying drawings, forming a part hereof.

My invention relates to machines for crushing and grinding ores of various kinds for various purposes and for other similar operations; and the objects of my invention are to produce a crushing and grinding machine which shall be simple, strong, durable, and comparatively inexpensive in construction, and which shall require the expenditure of butlittle strength or power for its effective operation.

A further object of my invention is to produce a crushing and grinding machine which, in addition to the advantages above enumerated, shall be direct and positive in its action andthe adjustments of which necessary to transform the action of the machine from that of a Crusher to that of -a grinder can be readily and quickly effected.

To the above purposes my invention consists in certain peculiar and novel features of construction and arrangement, ashereinafter described and claimed.

In order that myinvention may be fully understood, I will proceed to describe it with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a side elevation of a machine embodying my invention, the said machine being adjusted to operate as a Crusher. Fig. 2 is a central transverse vertical section of the same. Fig. 3 is a View of the machine, partly in front elevation and partly in transverse vertical section on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1, the machine being adjusted to operate as a grinder. Fig. 4 is an irregular horizontal section of the machine on the line 4 4 of Fig. l. Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the lower part of the machine, showing the mortar tilted for discharging its contents. Fig. 6 is a detached perspective view of the mortar. Fig. 7is a detached perspective view of a portion of the operating-shaft with a modified form of lifting-cam, and also a detached perspective View of a modilied form of bracket for said cam. Fig. 8 is a detached inverted plan view of the cam-piece which is carried by the operatingshaft.

In the said drawings, l designates the base of the machine, the said base being either of wood or of metal, as preferred, and of such dimensions as to steadily support the operating parts of the machine and to effectually resist the impact of the blows delivered by the machine and the working strains thereof when operating as a stamp or Crusher.

2 designates the main supporting-standard of the machine, said standard rising vertically from the base 1 and being of elongated form and of sufficient height to permit the required movements of the operative parts, as hereinafter described, and to properly support such parts. The lower end of this standard is preferably bifurcated, so as to form two legs 3, which extend obliquely downward and outward from each other, and thus firmly brace the standard sidewise, each of said legs being formed at its lower end with a suitable rearwardly-extending foot 4, which is bolted, as at 5, or otherwise securely attached to the base l. The standard 2 is also braced against forward and backward vibration or movement by an oblique brace-bar 6, the upper end of which is bolted, as at 7, or otherwise securely attached to the rear side of the standard at a point above the legs 3. This brace extends downward and rearward from the standard 2 and its lower end is formed with a suitable foot 8, which is bolted, as at 9, or otherwise suitably secured to the base l.

Above the pointof attachment of the upper end of the brace-bar 6 to the standard 2 said stand ard is formed with a vertically-elongated opening or slot 10 for a purpose to be hereinafter explained, and from the front side of said standard at a pointjust below the lower end of the slot 10 is located a bracket 1l.

This bracket is preferably formed integrally with the front of the standard and extends horizontally outward or forward therefrom, as shown.

From the front upper portion of the standard 2, near its upper end, projects outwardly or forwardly therefrom a second bracket l2, the said bracket being similar in form and dimensions to the bracket ll, just described,

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and being preferably formed integrally with said standard similarly as is the bracket `11. From the upper extremity of the standard 2 projects horizontally forward or outward a bracket 13, whichis much shorter than the brackets 11 or 12, and the purposes of all of these brackets will be hereinafter fully explained.

To the rear side of the standard 2, near the upper end thereof, is secured, as by a suitable number of bolts 15 or in any other suitable or preferred manner, a bracket-arm 14, which curves rearwardly and upwardly and the upper end of which extends upward to a level with the upper end of the standard 2. Upon the upper end of this bracket-arm 14 is bolted or otherwise suitably secured a halfbearing 16, and upon the bracket 13 is likewise bolted or; otherwise suitably secured a similar half-bearing 17. rlhrough these two half-bearings 16 and 17 extends themain actuating-shaft 18 of the machine, the said shaft occupying a horizontal position and being of such length as to protrude at its rear end beyond the bearing 16 and at its front end beyond the bearing 17. Upon the rear end of this shaft 18 is'secured by a set-screw 19 or equivalent means the hub 20 of a crank-arm 21, the opposite end of said crank-arm being provided with a suitable rearwardly-extending handle 22, while upon the front end of the shaft 18 is secured by aset-screw 23 or equivalent means a vertical beveled gearwheel 24.

Upon the outer end of the bracket 11 is boltedor otherwise suitably secured a halfbearing 25, andnpon the outer end of the bracket 12 is likewise secured by bolts or in other equivalent manner a similar half-bear ing 26. Through these two bearings 25 and 26 extends the main operating-shaft 27 of the machine, the said shaft extending vertically through the said bearings. At its upper portion this shaft 27 carries a horizontal beveled gear-wheel 28, which rests upon the -upper bracket 12 and the teeth of which mesh with the teeth of the vertical beveled gear-wheel 24, carried by the actuatingshaft 18. At the pointat which the shaft 27 issurrounded by the beveled gear-wheel 28 said shaft is formed with a longitudinal feather or spline 29, which is of such length as to remain always normally within the hub of the gear-wheel 28 during the vertical reciprocatory movements of the shaft 27, hereinafter described. The arrangement is such that the shaft 27 can rise l'and fall longitudinally and at the same time,

rotate axially without disengaging its spline or feather 29 from the groove in the hub of the gear-wheel 28.

30 designates a bracket which on` its rear side is formed with a vertical rib or extension 31, which enters the vertical slot 10 of the standard 2, the vertical height of this bracket and thelength of its rib or extension being much less than the length of the slot 10, so that `the bracket 30 may be raised or lowered in the slot for purposes to be hereinafter explained.

Into the rear side of the bracket 30er of its rib or extension 31 is inserted a set-screw 32, the outer end of which impinges upon a washer 33, which rests against the rear side of the margins of the slot l0. The arrangement is such that after-turning the set-screw 32 in one direction the slide or bracket30 may be adjusted higher or lower upon the standard and by then turning the set-screw in the opposite direction the said slide or bracket will be retained in its desired position of adj ustment. The outer end of this slide or bracket 30 is formed or otherwise provided with a cam 34, which begins at thetop or upper side of the bracket or slide at one side thereof and `curves spirally downward and 'sidewise to the opposite side of the bottom or under side of the slide or bracket, as shown,

the cam thus extending through one-half of a complete revolution, and its upper and lower ends being connected by a bearingsurface 34, which is at the opposite side of the bracket from that occupied by the cam-surface and which may be inclined slightly downward and outward from the perpendicular, so as to avoid too sudden dropping ofthe operating shaft 27, and so, also, as to preparelsaid shaft to be again elevated by the cam, all as hereinafter explained. The operating-shaf t 27 is provided with a frictional roller 36, which projects horizontally and radially from the shaft and which is secured to the shaft by a screw 37 or by an equivalent device, this roller working upon the cam and bearing-surface just described.-

Upon the front part of the `base 1 of the machine is placed a mortar 38, which is of cast-iron, steel, or any other suitable or preferred metal, and the internal vertical cavity Aof which is preferably provided with a concave bottom, as shown. Externally this mortar is preferably of approximately cylindrical form, and in any event the bottom of the mortar is formed with a dat rectangular base 39, preferably integral with the mortar. This base is of such dimensions or area as to project horizontally beyond the mortar forward and backward and oppositely at the sides thereof. From the rear ends ofthe two opposite sides of this base 39 project two trunnions 40, while from the upper sidevof the base, at the front corners thereof, project two upwardly-extending lugs 41, said trunnions and lugs being preferably formed integral with the base.

Upon the front part of the base of the machine are secured by screws `43 or in other suitable manner two elongated horizontal guides 42, the said guides extending parallel witheach other and forwardA and backward upon the base. VOn its inner side each of these guides is formed with a longitudinal horizontal rabbet or groove 44, the outer end of which terminates within the outer end of the guide, as shown in Fig. 2. The innerend of each of the rabbets or grooves 44 opens IOO IlO

through a vertical recess 45, as shown in Fig. 5. When the mortar is to be placed in position, the trunnions 40 are inserted into the openings 45, and when the mortar is to be emptied after the crushing or grinding operation the mortar is moved forward, causing the trunnions to travel in the rabbets 44 until said trunnions strike the outer ends of said rabbets. The outer ends of the rabbets permit the mortar to be tilted downward and forward, as shown in Fig. 5, without danger of the mortar becoming detached from the bed. When it is desired to detach the mortar altogether from the bed, the mortar is moved into its most rearward position and is lifted up, carrying the trunnions 40 upward out of the openings 45.

= In Figs. 1,2, 3,4, and 5,46 designatesa head or pestle, which is secured rigidly by means of two or any suitable number of screws 47 or other equivalent means to the lower end of the operating-shaft 27. This head or pestle is preferably of cylindrical form as to its body portion, and the lower end of the head or pestle is of convex form to accord with the concave form of the bottom of the cavity of the mortar 38. Upon theY upper end of the operatingshaft 27 is placed a handle 48, the lower end of the handle being provided with a downwardlyextending externally-screwthreaded stem 49, which enters an internallyscrew-threaded socket in the upper end of the shaft. When it is desired to retain the shaft 27 in raised position, (as when emptying the mortar or filling the same,) the handle 48 is grasped and the operating-shaft is lifted until its spline 29 is carried upward out of the groove in the hub of the gear-wheel 28, half a revolution being then given to the shaft 27, so as to cause the lower end of the spline 29 to engage the upper side of the wheel 28 and thus support the shaft 27 in elevated position.

In Fig. 3 thehandle 49 is dispensed with and a second head or pestle 50 is secured upon the upper end of the shaft 27 to afford additional weight and consequent force to the blows of the lowerhead or pestle. This second head or pcstle is shown as of the same form as the head or pestle 46 and is secured upon the shaft 27 by two or more screws 5l or other equivalent means similar to those employed to secure the head or pestle 46 to the lower end of the shaft. The operation of adjusting the shaft in raised position is in this instance the same as before, excepting that in this structure the second head 50 is grasped instead of the handle 48.

The general operation of the machine is as follows: The operating-shaft 27 is first raised, as just described, and a quantity of ore in lumps is placed in the mortar 38. The shaft is now turned back half a revolution, so as to cause the spline 29 to enter the groove of the hub-of gear-wheel 28 and thus permit the pestle 46 to rest upon the lumps of ore inthe mortar. Theactuating-shaftlSisnowrotated by the crank-arm 2l or by suitable power, if preferred, causing the shaft 27 to rotate, and consequently causing the roller 36 to ride upward upon the cam 34 and raise the shaft and then drop from the upper end of said cam, permitting the shaft to drop, and thus-bringing the pestle 46 downward forcibly upon the lumps of ore in the pestle, so as to crush them. These operations are continued until the lumps of ore have been crushed as finely as desired. The set-screw 32 is now turned so as to be loose and the slide or bracket 30 is moved to its lowermost position, so that the roller36 doesnotengage the cam 34 at all. The shaft 18 being now rotated as before, the shaft 27 will simply rotate axially, the pestle remaining always in the mortar and consequently reducing the ore to great fineness by grinding. After the grinding operation is completed the shaft 27is raised and its spline engaged with the upper side of the gear-pinion 28 as before, the mortar is moved forward and tilted, and its contents are brushed into a suitable receptacle, the lower end of the pestle being also brushed to remove any ore adhering to it.

In Fig. 7 I have shown a modified form of arrangement for raising and dropping the operating-shaft, the said modified .arrangement, however, embodying the same essential features of construction and operation as those above described. In this instance the shaft 27is surrounded at its lowerportion by a cam-piece 52, which is provided with a cam surface or section 54, extending in spiral form obliquely downward and having its upper and lower termini connected by a straight vertical section 55, the said lower cam-piece being secured to the shaft by any suitable number of radial screws 53. The bracket 5l in this instance is adj ustably secured to the standard 3 as before, but its front Vertical margin is left perfectly straight. The cam-surface rides upon the top of the bracket 5l, and thus lifts and drops the shaft 27, as before, while the lowering of the bracket 5l permits the shaft to revolve axially for grinding without rising Iand falling.

From the above description it will be seen that I have produced a combined ore crushing and grinding machine which is simple, strong, durable, and comparatively inexpensive in construction, which is direct, positive, and rapidin its operation, and which requires but little strength or power for its effective operation.

It is to be understood that while I have described the shaft 18 as provided with acrankhandle it mayin larger machines be provided with a suitable belt-pulley to receive power from a line-shafting or from a suitable motor.

It is to be understood that while I have described the above machine as employed for crushing and grinding ores, it may also be used for crushing and grinding all substances which require such operations in order to be properly used. For example, the machine IOO IOS

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iiiay be used for crushing and grinding paintpigments, roots, barks, berries, and all substances of a similar or analogous nature.

IIaving thus described my invention,what I claim as new therein,and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l..A combined ore criisher and grinder comprising a vertical supporting frame or standard, a vertical operating-shaftaxially revoluble and vertically or longitudinally reciprocatoryaipon said standard, a tappet carried by said shaft, and a sliding bracket havinga vertical cani and vertically adjustable upon the standard or frame, so as to cause its cam to either engage or disengage the tappet 0f the operaiing-shaf t, substantially as set forth.

2. combined ore crushing and grinding machine comprising a vertically-reciprocatory and axiaily-revoluble operating-shaft carrylng a pestle and a mortar mounted upon the bed of the machine and in ovable forwardly and backwardly on the bed and also arranged to tilt forwardly from the bed, substantially as set forth.

3. combined ore crushing and grinding machine coinnrisiiig a suitable base or bed, a pair of guides mounted on said bed and having each a groove open at its rear end and closed at its front end, and a mortar having an extended base provided with a pair of trunnions to engage said grooves, substantially as set forth.

4. Acombined orecrusher and grinder comprising a vertical supporting frame or standard, a sliding bracket vertically adjustable thereon and carrying a vertical cam, a horizontal and revolubleactuating-shaft mounted in the upper end of said standard and carrying a beveled gear-Wheel at one end, and a vertical operating-shaft axially revoluble and vertically or longitudinally recipi'ocatory npon said standard, a tappet carried by the shaft, and a beveled gear-wheel carried by the upper end of the operating-shaft and meshing with the beveled gear-Wheel on the actuatingshaft, the sliding bracket being arranged to engage and disengage its cam with the tappet of the operating-shaft, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I ailix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

NELSON F. ACERS.

Witnesses:

JNO. L. CoNDRoN, I-I. E. PRICE. 

